Displaying posts in the categoryDigital Logic
Digital Logic articles
RTL Design
The hardest logic design interview questions are not about definitions. They describe a failure on a real chip, such as a FIFO that fails at speed, a register that flips on its own or a reset that will not release cleanly, and ask you to reason from symptom to cause to fix. Below are ten such questions, each with a model answer, the points a strong candidate covers and the follow-ups interviewers tend to ask. Anyone who has sat a semiconducto…
by
Murugavel Ganesan
August 29, 2025
Interview Questions
The average RPM for the whole trip is 48 RPM, not 50. The motor turns the same number of revolutions in each direction, but it spends longer on the slow reverse leg, so the average must be weighted by time. Divide the total revolutions by the total time and you get the harmonic mean of 60 and 40, which is 48 RPM. Key takeaways Average speed is always total quantity divided by total time, never the plain average of two speeds. When equal a…
by
Murugavel Ganesan
January 03, 2025
Tutorials
An inverter outputs the logical complement of its input; a buffer outputs the same logic value, and in CMOS it is normally built as two inverters in series. For the same output drive, an inverter is smaller and faster because it has one stage instead of two, while a buffer keeps polarity, which makes it the easy drop-in choice for repeaters, fanout splitting and hold fixing. In timing closure both are used to repair long wires, high fanout and b…
by
Murugavel Ganesan
November 21, 2023
Verilog
These ten beginner logic design interview questions test whether you can move from a word problem to a truth table, a Boolean expression and a gate or flip-flop circuit. Each question below keeps its original hint, then adds a worked answer, the key numbers an interviewer expects, and the follow-up they are likely to ask. This set was first published in October 2023. Key takeaways A full adder needs 9 two-input NAND gates; know the gate coun…
by
Murugavel Ganesan
October 26, 2023
Tutorials
Analog circuits still win wherever a signal enters or leaves the physical world, and wherever the job is simple, fast or very low power. Their main advantages over digital circuits are no conversion step and no quantisation error, lower latency, fewer parts for simple functions, very low standby power, and a direct fit to sensors, antennas, speakers and power stages. Digital wins on noise immunity, precision, programmability and scaling, so most…
by
Murugavel Ganesan
February 15, 2023
Tutorials
Digital circuits beat analog circuits on noise immunity, exact copying and storage, programmability, and the cost and density benefits of CMOS scaling. They work because each signal only has to be read as a 0 or a 1, so small amounts of noise, drift and component tolerance are simply ignored. Analog circuits still matter at the edges of every system, where real-world signals are sensed, amplified, converted and driven, but almost all processing …
by
Murugavel Ganesan
February 14, 2023
Tutorials
Digital electronics is the branch of electronics that represents and processes information as binary values, 1 and 0, carried by two ranges of voltage. It matters because almost every modern computer, phone, network and control system is built from digital circuits: they tolerate noise, scale to billions of transistors on one chip and can be reprogrammed. Its main challenges are power and heat, signal integrity at high speed, design and verific…
by
Murugavel Ganesan
February 01, 2023
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